{"id":1767,"date":"2022-12-25T08:57:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-25T08:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mtnongnghiep.com\/?p=1767"},"modified":"2025-05-19T10:04:46","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T10:04:46","slug":"nong-nghiep-ky-nguyen-so-va-thach-thuc-cua-nguoi-nong-dan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mtnongnghiep.com\/index.php\/2022\/12\/25\/nong-nghiep-ky-nguyen-so-va-thach-thuc-cua-nguoi-nong-dan\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ng\u00e0y 19\/12 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 Khoa h\u1ecdc – C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 VinFuture 2022 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m “Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00ec Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng”. T\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc uy t\u00edn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng “\u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng”, c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoa h\u1ecdc, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n

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C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi (\u1ea2nh: Nguy\u1ec5n Nguy\u1ec5n).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc – C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1ec7 ph\u00f3ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i T\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m, \u00f4ng B\u00f9i Th\u1ebf Duy – Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (KH&CN) kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 do Qu\u1ef9 VinFuture kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng vang v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi phi\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i T\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m ng\u00e0y 19\/12, l\u00e0 “N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi”, Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Duy cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u00d4ng B\u00f9i Th\u1ebf Duy – Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 KH&CN ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i T\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m “Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00ec Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng” (\u1ea2nh: Nguy\u1ec5n Nguy\u1ec5n).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: “Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0a Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong 15 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh t\u1ebf cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c KHCN, Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00f9i Th\u1ebf Duy hoan ngh\u00eanh nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef9 VinFuture, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quy m\u00f4 nh\u1eb1m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u1edf ph\u1ea1m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1ec7 ph\u00f3ng, gi\u00fap nhi\u1ec1u n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 KH&CN, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u00ean 30% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 38% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n
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GS. Pamela Ronald chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen sub1 (\u1ea2nh: Nguy\u1ec5n Nguy\u1ec5n).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Trong phi\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn “N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi”, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau n\u00eau b\u1eadt t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh ph\u00e1t sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. GS. Pamela Ronald t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Davis cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ng\u1eadp \u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u1ede Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, theo d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, ng\u1eadp \u00fang s\u1ebd g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, g\u00e2y th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng 4 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n l\u00faa, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c”, GS. Ronald chia s\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u00faa g\u1ea1o Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IRRI) \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa ch\u1ecbu ng\u1eadp t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 sub1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 2 tu\u1ea7n, trong khi c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu 3 ng\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp \u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh. Theo TS. Van Schepler-Luu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb IRRI, h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m 30% n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo TS. Luu, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen b\u1eb1ng tia ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n gen c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai nhanh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 th\u00ec m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n

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TS. Van Schepler-Luu t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u00faa g\u1ea1o Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m (\u1ea2nh: Nguy\u1ec5n Nguy\u1ec5n).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kho\u1ea3ng 30% v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ri\u00eang ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i chi\u1ebfm 50% ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trong t\u1ed5ng ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i n\u00e0y, GS. Claudia Wagner-Riddle t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Guelph, Canada cho bi\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 “b\u1eaby CO2”, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i N2O.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, Nito s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng thay v\u00ec ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Theo GS. Claudia, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i r\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng 0 trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e2ng cao n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u1ea1i T\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ho\u1eb7c mang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Sau khi tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 thu v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi nhau, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec3n giao m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: dantri.vn<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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