T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2008 cho t\u1edbi nay, chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng (PFES) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ngu\u1ed3n kinh ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c (Ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2018). Sau h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n PFES, \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1eadn, t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n sinh k\u1ebf, t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp, n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi r\u1eebng. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng (DVMTR) h\u00e0ng n\u0103m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 1.200 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng, s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 22% t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho ng\u00e0nh L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p (Qu\u1ef9 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 2021). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng cao do khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c DVMTR, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho ng\u00e0nh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng (PFES) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a PFES l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0: c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng, h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u1ed1i t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi tr\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. R\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n (RNM) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0: d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a carbon; b\u1ed3i l\u1eafng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m b\u00f9n th\u1ea3i; ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i l\u1edf b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n; ch\u1eafn s\u00f3ng; cung \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, l\u1ecdc kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, l\u1ecdc \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m; cung \u1ee9ng b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebb; v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ea3nh quan v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m (Ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2019; Ph\u1ea1m H\u1ed3ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng, 2018). Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi xung quanh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chi tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5) v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi tr\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 chi tr\u1ea3 theo nh\u00f3m h\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c theo c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch RNM c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 200 ng\u00e0n ha, gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb sau n\u0103m 1943. Nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng, l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef carbon c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c (Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2023). Hi\u1ec7n nay, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1c khu RNM, khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thu ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n
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H\u1ef0C TR\u1ea0NG CHI TR\u1ea2 D\u1ecaCH V\u1ee4 M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG R\u1eeaNG NG\u1eacP M\u1eb6N T\u1ea0I VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i RNM l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i th\u1ee7y h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0: t\u00f4m, cua, h\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 (Hong v\u00e0 San, 1993). L\u00e0 n\u01a1i cung duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd, b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n, ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ee5t l\u00fan \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00f3i m\u00f2n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1o b\u00e3i b\u1ed3i, (vii) h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sinh k\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ed7, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (Bandaranayake, 1998; Ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2020). B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, RNM c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 carbon l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p 4 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi r\u1eebng tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n (Alongi, 2008). Tuy nhi\u00ean, chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n nay m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf 4 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 sau: 1) Thu t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n; 2) Thu t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch; 3) Thu t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kinh doanh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 du l\u1ecbch sinh th\u00e1i, ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0; 4) Thu t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0: nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 carbon trong Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 156\/2018\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 16\/11\/2018 Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n NH\u1eeeNG \u0110I\u1ec2M NGH\u1ebcN C\u1ee6A CH\u00cdNH S\u00c1CH CHI TR\u1ea2 D\u1ecaCH V\u1ee4 M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG R\u1eeaNG \u0110\u1ed0I V\u1edaI R\u1eeaNG NG\u1eacP M\u1eb6N<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau: (i) Cung \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 61 Lu\u1eadt L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p; v\u00e0 (ii) C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (b\u00ean) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 57 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 156\/2018\/N\u0110-CP. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef carbon c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng (kho\u1ea3n 3 \u0110i\u1ec1u 61 Lu\u1eadt L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p) hi\u1ec7n nay m\u1edbi \u0111ang th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc Trung B\u1ed9 (ERPA), ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi RNM, hi\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi tr\u1ea3, hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 156\/2018\/N\u0110-CP \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb RNM, ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i chi tr\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ea3nh quan du l\u1ecbch. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb RNM l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi tr\u1ea3, c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 91\/2024\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 18\/7\/2024 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 156\/2018\/N\u0110-CP \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 156, nh\u01b0ng ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0: khai th\u00e1c, giao kho\u00e1n; c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi RNM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn th\u1ef1c thi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chi tr\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng RNM hi\u1ec7n nay bao g\u1ed3m: 1) Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c thi chi ti\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c chi tr\u1ea3 DVMT RNM; 2) C\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng DVMT RNM; 3) Thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u00f4ng tin trong th\u1ea9m tra, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh (MRV) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi RNM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 chi tr\u1ea3 DVMT RNM, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb r\u1eebng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n r\u1eebng v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t RNM cho nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n ra. S\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, nh\u01b0: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, t\u00e0u c\u00e1, ch\u1ee7 h\u1ed9 nu\u00f4i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chia s\u1ebb l\u1ee3i \u00edch. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, thi\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t; thi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 khoa h\u1ecdc trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c chi tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tri\u1ec3n khai (Ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb b\u00ean mua, b\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng RNM c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 carbon v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ea3nh quan du l\u1ecbch. C\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a RNM trong h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c bon, cung c\u1ea5p b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebb cho th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u, ch\u1eafn s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i RNM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n GI\u1ea2I PH\u00c1P TH\u00c1O G\u1ee0 CH\u00cdNH S\u00c1CH CHI TR\u1ea2 D\u1ecaCH V\u1ee4 M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG R\u1eeaNG NG\u1eacP M\u1eb6N<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eb1m th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi tr\u1ea3 DVMT RNM, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 156\/2018\/N\u0110-CP<\/em>: Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chi tr\u1ea3 DVMT r\u1eebng (PFES) \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 r\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng, ch\u01b0a bao qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i RNM. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 156\/2018\/N\u0110-CP c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cung \u1ee9ng b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng n\u00ean Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 156 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi RNM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 PFES cho RNM trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u trong Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 156\/2018 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u 57, \u0111i\u1ec3u 58 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u 59 v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 chi tr\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/em>: C\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a RNM v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecf s\u00f3t, nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a RNM nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c chi tr\u1ea3, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd chi tr\u1ea3 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec v\u00e0 chi tr\u1ea3 cho ai. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chi tr\u1ea3, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 RNM. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham gia trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o c\u1ea7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, x\u00fac t\u00edch v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t trong truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng RNM<\/em>: Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chi tr\u1ea3 RNM t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh v\u00e0 C\u00e0 Mau \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi tr\u1ea3 cho nh\u00f3m c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 RNM v\u00e0 chi tr\u1ea3 cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cung \u1ee9ng b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebb. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00ean t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng cao khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac. \u1ede C\u00e0 Mau m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a Doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong vi\u1ec7c chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i RNM. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 b\u00f3 h\u1eb9p trong ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u00f3m h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a D\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Tuy v\u1eady, c\u1ea3 hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng RNM. C\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chi tr\u1ea3 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea (MRV)<\/em>: Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch RNM, c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n r\u1eebng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o, s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ban ng\u00e0nh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. Vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i thay \u0111\u1ed5i di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng c\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. C\u1ea7n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u RNM v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia (FRMS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/em>: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng RNM c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chi tr\u1ea3 m\u1edbi. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chi tr\u1ea3 PFES ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chi tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. C\u00e1c Qu\u1ef9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 Qu\u1ef9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam (Qu\u1ef9 Trung \u01af\u01a1ng) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u1ee7y th\u00e1c. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua (ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng) nh\u01b0 Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, C\u00f4ng ty n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec1u thu ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 chi tr\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua Qu\u1ef9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi RNM b\u1edfi l\u1ebd RNM ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n nay).<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, thay \u0111\u1ed5i suy ngh\u0129 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng ty n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1eb1ng h\u1ea3i. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, 77,3% c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a RNM ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon trong khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 3-5% c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi RNM, 45,5% c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n trong khi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 89% ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n. V\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c:<\/em> Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, trong \u0111\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i r\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng 0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u1ea7n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 qu\u1ef9 Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu xanh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh REDD+, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n LEAF v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i B\u1eafc Trung B\u1ed9 (ERPA). C\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chi tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n RNM. L\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn REDD+ trong chi tr\u1ea3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 carbon \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi RNM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00edch h\u1ee3p PFES v\u00e0o chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng RNM<\/em>: Hi\u1ec7n nay, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng (PFES) m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 chi tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n (th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n) v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cung \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch. C\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 156\/2018\/N\u0110-CP nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 carbon, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cung \u1ee9ng b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebb, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 du l\u1ecbch v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng PFES \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t RNM<\/em>: C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 RNM. Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd RNM hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 PFES. C\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 vi\u1ec5n th\u00e1m v\u00e0 GIS \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng RNM. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng blockchain trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n chi tr\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/em>: C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n thu t\u1eeb PFES \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi tr\u1ea3 (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch). C\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng ngu\u1ed3n thu bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho PFES, tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n thu duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi tr\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp:<\/em> Duy tr\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi tr\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, Qu\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi tr\u1ea3. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi tr\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 RNM c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/em>: Ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng RNM, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f4ng khai c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n tham gia v\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n RNM, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi tr\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 carbon xanh<\/em>: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng RNM v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 carbon c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Alongi, D. M. (2008). Mangrove forests: Resilience, protection from tsunamis, and responses to global climate change. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science<\/em>, 76(1), 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecss.2007.08.024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Bandaranayake, W. M. (1998). Traditional and medicinal uses of mangroves. Mangroves and Salt Marshes<\/em>, 2(3), 133\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1009988607044.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Nguyen, H., Harper, Richard. J., and Dell, B. (2023). Examining local community understanding of mangrove carbon mitigation: A case study from Ca Mau province, Mekong River Delta, Vietnam. Marine Policy<\/em>, 148, 105398. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpol.2022.105398.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Ph\u1ea1m H\u1ed3ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng. (2018). Chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam: th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p<\/em>, (1), 1\u201310.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. Pham., T.T, Long, H., Chi., L. \u00d0., Tien, N.T, Vinh., V.T. (2020). Who will buy? Potential buyers for mangrove environmental services in Vietnam: Results from a case study in Hai Phong<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17528\/cifor\/007642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6. PhamT.T., Phuong.T, V., Truong, V.N., Hoang, N. V., Long, H., T.L.C., D., and Tien \u0110.N. (2019). Opportunities and challenges for mangrove management in Vietnam: Lessons learned from Thanh Hoa, Thai Binh and Quang Ninh provinces<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17528\/cifor\/007404.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i (2017). Lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 16\/2017\/QH14 ng\u00e0y 15\/11\/2017, Lu\u1eadt L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n 8. Qu\u1ef9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam (2021).\u00a0T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft 10 n\u0103m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 MTR giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2011-2020 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n 2021-2030.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngu\u1ed3n: TS Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Ti\u1ebfn – T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng (PFES) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef carbon, cung \u1ee9ng b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebb, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ea3nh quan ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c thi, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, thi\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1eeb b\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 156\/2018\/N\u0110-CP, n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi tr\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 carbon xanh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch PFES cho r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[123,30,122],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2907,"url":"https:\/\/mtnongnghiep.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/16\/rung-ngap-man-dong-gop-gi-cho-hanh-trinh-net-zero-cua-viet-nam\/","url_meta":{"origin":2851,"position":0},"title":"R\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p g\u00ec cho h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh Net Zero c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam?","date":"June 16, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"R\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \"b\u1ec3 carbon xanh\" t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, gi\u00fap h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 CO\u2082 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ven bi\u1ec3n. 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