{"id":3049,"date":"2025-09-18T16:41:35","date_gmt":"2025-09-18T16:41:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mtnongnghiep.com\/?p=3049"},"modified":"2025-09-18T16:41:42","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T16:41:42","slug":"nganh-tom-va-giai-phap-giam-phat-thai-khi-nha-kinh-huong-den-phat-trien-san-xuat-xanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mtnongnghiep.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/18\/nganh-tom-va-giai-phap-giam-phat-thai-khi-nha-kinh-huong-den-phat-trien-san-xuat-xanh\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xanh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam cam k\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i r\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng 0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xanh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra 4 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a:<\/strong> Ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m, ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xanh<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the context of Viet Nam\u2019s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, the shrimp industry faces the challenge of transitioning to green production to meet international market demands for emission reduction and sustainable development.<\/em> The study employs document analysis and secondary data to assess the current status of greenhouse gas emissions in the shrimp industry. Based on this assessment, four specific solutions are proposed: transitioning to low-emission farming models, adopting renewable energy sources, improving feed management practices, and developing emission monitoring systems. These solutions are expected to support the sustainable development of the shrimp industry, enhance its competitiveness, and contribute to fulfilling Viet Nam\u2019s international climate change commitments.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords:<\/strong> Shrimp industry, greenhouse gas emissions, sustainable development, green production<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb6T V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m li\u1ec1n, t\u00f4m l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kho\u1ea3ng 35-40% t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, kim ng\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1t 3,9 t\u1ef7 USD n\u0103m 2024. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n chung c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m th\u00e2m canh. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m th\u00e2m canh hi\u1ec7n nay ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh g\u1ea5p 15 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3ng canh, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 82% v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n 17% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c g\u00e2y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh nh\u01b0: x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u, v\u00f4i, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc\u2026 (B\u00e0nh Th\u1ecb H\u1ed3ng Lan, 2020). Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m, nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xanh, gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TH\u1ef0C TR\u1ea0NG PH\u00c1T TH\u1ea2I NH\u00c0 K\u00cdNH C\u1ee6A NG\u00c0NH T\u00d4M<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u1edf ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong n\u0103m 2024. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb C\u1ee5c Th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n (nay l\u00e0 C\u1ee5c Th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n – Ki\u1ec3m ng\u01b0, B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng), di\u1ec7n t\u00edch th\u1ea3 nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m n\u0103m 2024 \u0111\u1ea1t 749.800 ha, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4m s\u00fa l\u00e0 628.800 ha, t\u00f4m th\u1ebb ch\u00e2n tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 121.000 ha. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4m n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3 thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean 1,29 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, ri\u00eang t\u00f4m th\u1ebb ch\u00e2n tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p g\u1ea7n 952.000 t\u1ea5n (H\u01b0\u01a1ng, 2025). Kim ng\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u00f4m n\u0103m 2024 \u0111\u1ea1t 3,9 t\u1ef7 USD, t\u0103ng 14% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2023, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4m ch\u00e2n th\u1ebb tr\u1eafng t\u0103ng 8% \u0111\u1ea1t 2,7 t\u1ef7 USD. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u00f4m gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean 2,5 tri\u1ec7u con t\u00f4m gi\u1ed1ng Mebi One sang th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00e0i Loan, (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 11.000 USD, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u00f4m gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam (H\u01b0\u01a1ng, 2024). Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, tr\u00ean 21.700 ha di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u00f4m n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 96% t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p, khi\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Ecuador c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho t\u00f4m lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, th\u00ec t\u00f4m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n, \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n, ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gia t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng xung quanh. Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, g\u1ed3m: \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, th\u1ee9c \u0103n, ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed: CFC, CH4<\/sub>, CO2<\/sub>, N2<\/sub>O, O3<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong ao nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m do D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u201cChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long\u201d th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ao nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m t\u1ea1i khu vu\u1eb9c \u0110\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i, t\u1ec9nh B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau (nay l\u00e0 C\u00e0 Mau) cho th\u1ea5y, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m th\u00e2m canh ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh cao g\u1ea5p 15 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m qu\u1ea3ng canh. Trong khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 nu\u00f4i, n\u1ea1o v\u00e9t ao l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ao nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m qu\u1ea3ng canh, th\u00ec trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m th\u00e2m canh, \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u00e0 2 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh. Trong \u0111\u00f3, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 82% v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 17% v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, trong chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng t\u00f4m, c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb: x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec7n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i, nh\u01b0: v\u00f4i, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, th\u1ee9c \u0103n, ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc\u2026 v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau trong t\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Theo \u0111\u00f3, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (kg CO2<\/sub>\/kg t\u00f4m t\u01b0\u01a1i) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i th\u00e2m canh l\u00e0 9,3, nu\u00f4i si\u00eau th\u00e2m canh l\u00e0 11,7, nu\u00f4i si\u00eau th\u00e2m canh theo ASC l\u00e0 12,5. Ri\u00eang l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m theo h\u01b0\u1edbng xanh, nh\u01b0: t\u00f4m r\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 0,8, t\u00f4m r\u1eebng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 0,3, qu\u1ea3ng canh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn 0,7; l\u00faa – t\u00f4m 1,3, t\u1ee9c ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i r\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng 0 (Net Zero) nh\u01b0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1i 4 x\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi 20 h\u1ed9 nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m c\u0169ng cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 (Tu\u1ea5n, 2023). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m th\u00e2m canh, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein cao khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4m th\u1ea3i ra nhi\u1ec1u amoniac, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, ph\u00e2n t\u00f4m v\u00e0 x\u00e1c t\u1ea3o t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u01a1 l\u1eedng v\u00e0 h\u00f2a tan d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng amoniac (NH\u2084\u207a\/NH\u2083) ho\u1eb7c nitrite (NO\u2082\u207b), \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Net Zero v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2021-2030 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn 2050, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a theo h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, minh b\u1ea1ch, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, t\u0103ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xanh. Ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1edbm, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n th\u00ec s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i th\u00e2m canh v\u00e0 si\u00eau th\u00e2m canh – nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh cao – sang c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xanh. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a PGS.TS V\u00f5 Nam S\u01a1n (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1), m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i th\u00e2m canh c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i 9,3 kg CO\u2082\/kg t\u00f4m t\u01b0\u01a1i, nu\u00f4i si\u00eau th\u00e2m canh l\u00e0 11,7 kg CO\u2082\/kg t\u00f4m t\u01b0\u01a1i, trong khi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh xanh nh\u01b0 t\u00f4m r\u1eebng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 0,3 kg CO\u2082\/kg t\u00f4m t\u01b0\u01a1i (Chu, 2024). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0103n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh t\u1eeb ao nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon t\u1ed1i \u0111a theo hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Net Zero. V\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xanh, kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee7y h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u01b0 duy quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 14000 \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i sang th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh lang ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GI\u1ea2I PH\u00c1P GI\u1ea2M PH\u00c1T TH\u1ea2I KH\u00cd NH\u00c0 K\u00cdNH CHO NG\u00c0NH T\u00d4M VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xanh, kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t 4 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m theo h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 cho th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. C\u1ea7n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i th\u00e2m canh (9,3 kgCO\u2082\/kg t\u00f4m t\u01b0\u01a1i) v\u00e0 si\u00eau th\u00e2m canh (11,7 kgCO\u2082\/kg t\u00f4m t\u01b0\u01a1i) sang c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0: qu\u1ea3ng canh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn (0,7 kgCO\u2082\/kg t\u00f4m t\u01b0\u01a1i), m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00faa – t\u00f4m (1,3 kgCO\u2082\/kg t\u00f4m t\u01b0\u01a1i), t\u00f4m r\u1eebng (0,8 kgCO\u2082\/kg t\u00f4m t\u01b0\u01a1i) v\u00e0 t\u00f4m r\u1eebng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (0,3 kgCO\u2082\/kg t\u00f4m t\u01b0\u01a1i). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i \u0111a lo\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t ao, nu\u00f4i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00f4m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n kh\u00e9p k\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 82% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i th\u00e2m canh, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p then ch\u1ed1t. C\u1ea7n \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, biogas t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xanh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed, b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 17% v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho \u0103n th\u00f4ng minh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ea5p, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4m. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh t\u1eeb ao nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh trong t\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u00f4m carbon th\u1ea5p theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9, doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xanh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i v\u1ec1 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e2m canh cao g\u1ea5p 15 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3ng canh, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xanh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m: chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi cao trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cam k\u1ebft Net Zero 2050 v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. H\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf – m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/u><\/strong>:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. B\u00e0nh Th\u1ecb H\u1ed3ng Lan (2020). Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, <\/em>https:\/\/tapchicongthuong.vn\/phan-tich-thuc-trang-phat-thai-khi-nha-kinh-tai-viet-nam-72541.htm.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (2019). Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc khung c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/em>, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (2020). Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. B\u00f9i Th\u1ecb Thu Trang (2021). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed CH4 v\u00e0 N2O trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng<\/em>, Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y v\u0103n v\u00e0 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Chu, T. (2024). Con t\u00f4m v\u00e0 kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh<\/em>, https:\/\/nguoinuoitom.vn\/con-tom-va-khi-nha-kinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u0110\u1ed7 Quang H\u00f9ng (2022). \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng canh t\u00e1c l\u00faa v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Ninh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i<\/em>, Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n th\u1ea1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Nam (2021). Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam: C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ee7y v\u0103n<\/em>, 728, 51-66.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. H\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110. (2024). G\u1ee1 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u00f4m<\/em>, https:\/\/baochinhphu.vn\/go-rao-can-de-but-pha-xuat-khau-cho-san-pham-tom-102240924090142782.htm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. H\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110. (2025). C\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/em>, https:\/\/baochinhphu.vn\/can-thay-doi-san-xuat-de-phat-trien-nganh-tom-ben-vung-102250216095600561.htm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Tr\u1ecbnh Xu\u00e2n B\u00e1u v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 Quang D\u1ef1 (2022). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch l\u0169y trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi – B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc T\u00e0i Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>, s\u1ed1 41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 (2024). D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. Tu\u1ea5n, \u0110. (2023).\u00a0Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n<\/em>,\u00a0https:\/\/thiennhienmoitruong.vn\/giam-phat-thai-khi-nha-kinh-trong-nuoi-trong-thuy-san.html.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Ths.Tr\u1ea7n Thanh T\u00e2m_kinhtevadubao.vn<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam cam k\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i r\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng 0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xanh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[23,27],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2873,"url":"https:\/\/mtnongnghiep.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/16\/giam-phat-thai-khi-nha-kinh-trong-nuoi-trong-thuy-san\/","url_meta":{"origin":3049,"position":0},"title":"Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n","date":"June 16, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 70-74% t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. 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