{"id":3104,"date":"2025-09-19T04:05:09","date_gmt":"2025-09-19T04:05:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mtnongnghiep.com\/?p=3104"},"modified":"2025-09-19T04:05:46","modified_gmt":"2025-09-19T04:05:46","slug":"nghien-cuu-danh-gia-hien-trang-va-dinh-huong-chinh-sach-quan-ly-chat-thai-trong-linh-vuc-trong-trot-cho-cac-huyen-ngoai-thanh-tai-thanh-pho-ho-chi-minh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mtnongnghiep.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/19\/nghien-cuu-danh-gia-hien-trang-va-dinh-huong-chinh-sach-quan-ly-chat-thai-trong-linh-vuc-trong-trot-cho-cac-huyen-ngoai-thanh-tai-thanh-pho-ho-chi-minh\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt cho c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hi\u1ec7n nay, s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1eb9p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i (QLCT) n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh (TP. HCM). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch QLCT trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt cho 5 huy\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh TP. HCM, g\u1ed3m <\/em>C\u1ee7 Chi, H\u00f3c M\u00f4n, B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e1nh, Nh\u00e0 B\u00e8 v\u00e0 C\u1ea7n Gi\u1edd th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<\/em> Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba; ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean gia; ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t 522 h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 105 m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, 50 m\u1eabu b\u00f9n th\u1ea3i, 50 m\u1eabu ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y, g\u1ea7n 100% n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa x\u1ea3 th\u1eb3ng ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; kho\u1ea3ng 50% r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 90% ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m rau m\u00e0u, c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7; 70% bao b\u00ec thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (BVTV) ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng thu gom – x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i (XLCT) c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u00f3i quen t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t 3 nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m: (i) Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n\u201d; (ii) tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n (KTTH) nh\u01b0 \u1ee7 vi sinh ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m, t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sinh kh\u1ed1i); (iii) H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh – k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a nhanh. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf thu gom bao b\u00ec thu\u1ed1c BVTV.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a:<\/strong> QLCT; n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng; KTTH; TP. HCM.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u200b<\/strong>Ng\u00e0y nh\u1eadn b\u00e0i:<\/strong> 5\/12\/2024; Ng\u00e0y s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa: <\/strong>14\/2\/2025; Ng\u00e0y duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u0103ng: <\/strong>26\/3\/2025.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT STATUS AND STRATEGIC POLICY DIRECTIONS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CROP PRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

FOR THE SUBURBAN DISTRICTS OF HO CHI MINH CITY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Abstract<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The rapid population growth and urban expansion in Ho Chi Minh City have significantly reduced agricultural land, fundamentally transforming production models and posing major challenges for agricultural waste management. This study aims to assess the current situation and propose policy directions for crop-related waste management in five suburban districts of HCM City (Cu Chi, Hoc Mon, Binh Chanh, Nha Be and Can Gio) through field surveys, expert interviews, document analysis, and environmental sampling. Specifically, the research surveyed 522 farming households and analyzed 105 wastewater samples, 50 sludge samples, and 50 solid waste samples. The results show that nearly 100% of wastewater from rice cultivation is discharged directly into the environment; about 50% of rice straw and over 90% of crop residues from vegetables and fruit trees are burned on-site; and 70% of pesticide packaging is improperly handled. Waste collection and treatment infrastructure remains inadequate, while waste management practices are largely spontaneous and household-based. Based on these findings, the study proposes three key policy groups: (i) improving the legal framework based on the \u201cpolluter pays\u201d principle; (ii) promoting circular economy (CE) models such as microbial composting and biomass reuse; and (iii) providing financial and technical support for farmers. The research contributes scientific evidence to support environmental policy development for agriculture in rapidly urbanizing areas. Future studies will focus on evaluating the effectiveness of household-level residue treatment models and the potential for scaling up pesticide packaging collection mechanisms.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Keywords<\/em><\/strong>: Waste management; sustainable agriculture; circular economy; Ho Chi Minh City.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    JEL Classifications:<\/em><\/strong> O13, O44, Q15, Q53, Q56, P48.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1eb9p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c QLCT n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i TP. HCM (\u0110oan & cs, 2016). T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 C\u1ee7 Chi, H\u00f3c M\u00f4n, B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e1nh, Nh\u00e0 B\u00e8, C\u1ea7n Gi\u1edd, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u1edf quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a di\u1ec5n ra nhanh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu gom, XLCT. Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, bao g\u1ed3m r\u01a1m r\u1ea1, c\u00e0nh l\u00e1, bao b\u00ec thu\u1ed1c BVTV v\u00e0 d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u00e2y ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh (KNK) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t, trong khi bao b\u00ec BVTV ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu gom hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t (Ngo et al., 2016). M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp do h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, thi\u1ebfu h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf… \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng QLCT b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng do \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u00e1p, B\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u201cTr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (EPR)\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p (DN) ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thu h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd bao b\u00ec sau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu gom l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 77% \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 44,8% t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c (Hu et al., 2022). T\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 3R \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m l\u00ean 12%, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f2n ch\u1eadm do h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (Singh et al., 2022). T\u1ea1i Iran, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed1t r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf KNK \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng kho\u1ea3ng 70% ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t do chi ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd cao (Khouzani et al., 2022). Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 nh\u01b0 Malaixia, Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng g\u00f3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m 25% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c BVTV v\u00e0 t\u0103ng 18% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 5 n\u0103m (Awewomom et al., 2024). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y, vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y QLCT n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (s\u1ed1 7\/2019) (Gia & cs, 2019) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, trong \u0111\u00f3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t qua lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng; Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u1edbi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1, cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; Israel t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o R&D v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u01b0\u1edbc; trong khi Ba Lan \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 BVMT, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, QLCT n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (PTBV). Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m 20% KNK tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb GDP n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 (Hu\u00ea & cs, 2024). Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 13-NQ\/TW v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 18-NQ\/TW ng\u00e0y 16\/6\/2022 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m do d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, thu\u1ed1c BVTV, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n (Hi\u1ec1n & cs, 2022).  V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt BVMT n\u0103m 2020 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 08\/2022\/N\u0110-CP ng\u00e0y 10\/1\/2022 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 02\/2022\/TT-BTNMT c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 TN&MT, trong \u0111\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, thu gom, XLCT n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00fang t\u00fang do thi\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng thu gom ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m h\u01a1n 2\/3, trong \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa gi\u1ea3m 83,5% (t\u1eeb 310,2 km2<\/sup> xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 51 km2<\/sup>), k\u00e9o theo vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea3 ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Hoi et al., 2020). Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, khi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb 11,75 tri\u1ec7u ha (n\u0103m 2019) xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 11,67 tri\u1ec7u ha (n\u0103m 2022), t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m h\u01a1n 73.000 ha trong v\u00f2ng 4 n\u0103m (B\u1ed9 TN&MT, 2023). M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng thu gom, x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ed1 x\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh TP. HCM, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd, trong khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu gom ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng QLCT t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng PTBV nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c QLCT n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c ven \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.1. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng QLCT trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt t\u1ea1i 5 huy\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a TP. HCM (C\u1ee7 Chi, H\u00f3c M\u00f4n, B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e1nh, Nh\u00e0 B\u00e8 v\u00e0 C\u1ea7n Gi\u1edd). \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i 58 x\u00e3 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a TP. HCM v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 522 h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng phi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c XLCT ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 bao b\u00ec thu\u1ed1c BVTV. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean gia<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Song song v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qua h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n m\u1edf nh\u1eb1m thu th\u1eadp g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111a chi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 QLCT trong tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt; \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c thu gom, x\u1eed l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1eafng nghe \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn QLCT trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, bao g\u1ed3m thu th\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft, th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch SWOT (Paes et al., 2019) v\u00e0 khung DPSIR (Faseyi et al., 2023), nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh, \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng QLCT trong tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, kh\u1ea3 thi, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3.1. T\u1ed5ng quan ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt t\u1ea1i 5 huy\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i 5 huy\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh TP. HCM \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 do \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 cung c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh cho Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Huy\u1ec7n C\u1ee7 Chi v\u00e0 B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e1nh s\u1edf h\u1eefu qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn nh\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa, rau m\u00e0u, c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, H\u00f3c M\u00f4n v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 B\u00e8 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf do \u0111\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, trong khi C\u1ea7n Gi\u1edd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt t\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh TP. HCM ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i H\u00f3c M\u00f4n v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 B\u00e8, \u0111\u1ea5t manh m\u00fan, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi h\u00f3a, trong khi \u1edf C\u1ee7 Chi v\u00e0 B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e1nh, qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh lu\u00e2n canh l\u00faa – th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, tr\u1ed3ng rau h\u1eefu c\u01a1, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5y, rau \u0103n l\u00e1 ng\u1eafn ng\u00e0y nh\u1eadn 300 – 500\u202fkg NPK v\u00e0 150 – 200\u202fkg ur\u00ea\/ha\/v\u1ee5; rau c\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3 400 – 600\u202fkg NPK v\u00e0 200 -250\u202fkg ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n\/ha\/v\u1ee5; l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc 400 – 500\u202fkg NPK v\u00e0 200 – 300\u202fkg ur\u00ea\/ha\/v\u1ee5; c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u n\u0103m nh\u1eadn 500 – 600\u202fkg NPK v\u00e0 100 – 150\u202fkg ph\u00e2n vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/ha\/n\u0103m; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, thu\u1ed1c BVTV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u 8 – 10\u202fl\u00edt\/ha cho rau \u0103n l\u00e1 v\u00e0 6 – 8\u202fl\u00edt\/ha cho rau c\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c BVTV theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 duy tr\u00ec n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edch t\u1ee5 d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y nguy c\u01a1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m (Nguyen et al., 2013).<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"
H\u00ecnh 1. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh TP. HCM<\/em>
(Ngu\u1ed3n: Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0o 09\/2024)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh TP. HCM, ph\u00e1t sinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 sau thu ho\u1ea1ch, th\u00e2n l\u00e1 gi\u00e0, rau c\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, c\u00e0nh t\u1ec9a, v\u1ecf tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng n\u1ea5m, hoa c\u1ea3nh) c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00f4 c\u01a1 (bao b\u00ec, v\u1ecf chai thu\u1ed1c BVTV). T\u1ea1i C\u1ee7 Chi, B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e1nh, r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 m\u1ed7i v\u1ee5 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n, trong khi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng rau nh\u01b0 H\u00f3c M\u00f4n, B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e1nh, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1t sinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng rau c\u1ee7 ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e0nh l\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed7i ha rau m\u00e0u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c bao ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n (50\u202fkg) c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecf chai thu\u1ed1c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edch t\u1ee5 r\u00e1c nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu gom, x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb r\u1eeda rau, n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, b\u00ecnh phun c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u00e0n d\u01b0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hi\u1ec7n nay, XLCT n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh TP. HCM ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u00f3i quen t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9 do thi\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu gom, x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eadp trung. T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa nh\u01b0 C\u1ee7 Chi, B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e1nh, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 sau thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, g\u00e2y ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK (CO2<\/sub>, CH4<\/sub>) v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. Ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb rau m\u00e0u, c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ch\u00f4n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, d\u1ec5 thu h\u00fat m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1: Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m; h\u00e0nh vi thu gom bao b\u00ec thu\u1ed1c BVTV; m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t 522 h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n cho th\u1ea5y, 83,5% h\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7; kho\u1ea3ng 70% h\u1ed9 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp bao b\u00ec thu\u1ed1c BVTV; ch\u1ec9 12% h\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1ee7 ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng vi sinh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, d\u00f9 bao b\u00ec thu\u1ed1c BVTV thu gom g\u1ea7n 100% t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 30% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f9ng r\u00e1c t\u1eadp trung, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i dioxin, furan v\u00e0 PM2.5<\/sub> (Kici\u0144ska et al., 2024). N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c r\u1eeda n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh phun thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o k\u00eanh m\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trong ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng (Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng & cs, 2010). Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c XLCT n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u BVMT n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Vi\u1ec7c QLCT n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111ang g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u01a1n c\u1eed, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn CO2<\/sub>, CH4 <\/sub>v\u00e0 N2<\/sub>O, l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, trong khi kh\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c (CO, NOx<\/sub>) l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (Paul et al., 2020). Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c ch\u00f4n b\u1eeba b\u00e3i ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 g\u00e2y qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t N v\u00e0 P ng\u1ea5m xu\u1ed1ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m, k\u00edch th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (Adebayo et al., 2014; Sch\u00e4fer et al., 2011). B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ecf bao b\u00ec thu\u1ed1c BVTV, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu gom, ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ch\u1eadm, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c cho sinh v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n H\u00f3c M\u00f4n, B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e1nh – N\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t rau m\u00e0u t\u1eadp trung, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i r\u1eeda rau ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n thu\u1ed1c xu\u1ed1ng k\u00eanh m\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee5c b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean\u200b. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn k\u00eanh n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea3y qua khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng rau th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp b\u00f9n d\u00e0y, \u0111en, b\u1ed1c m\u00f9i do t\u00edch t\u1ee5 x\u00e1c rau c\u1ee7, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh quan, ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nguy c\u01a1 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh. \u1ede Nh\u00e0 B\u00e8 v\u00e0 C\u1ea7n Gi\u1edd, do g\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, thu\u1ed1c BVTV x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i b\u1eeba b\u00e3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n: H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p theo n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a ch\u1ea3y ra s\u00f4ng r\u1ea1ch, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ee7y sinh \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu\u200b (Toplicean et al., 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi QLCT n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 sinh kh\u1ed1i th\u1eeba t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, do \u0111\u00f3 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7 ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebfn r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed mua ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho gia s\u00fac, gia c\u1ea7m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00f9n ph\u1ee7 gi\u1eef \u1ea9m, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t (Schwartz et al., 2010).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3.2. \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng QLCT tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n 12 chuy\u00ean gia trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch SWOT v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khung DPSIR. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y, \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng chuy\u00ean canh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu n\u1eb1m \u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2m canh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u1ed3n l\u01b0u, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh DPSIR gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n – qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng quan hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng QLCT trong tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt t\u1ea1i 5 huy\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh TP. HCM, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t 3 nh\u00f3m c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c QLCT trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (i) Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Lu\u1eadt BVMT n\u0103m 2020 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt Tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt n\u0103m 2018 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m BVMT trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 QLCT tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, TP. HCM c\u1ea7n ban h\u00e0nh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 thu gom, x\u1eed l\u00fd, t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n\u201d c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt (n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9, trang tr\u1ea1i, DN n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p) ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c XLCT do m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u00ean thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf thu ph\u00ed m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n\u201d trong c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n QLCT hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, cam k\u1ebft b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed kinh ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd. Vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. Nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi h\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt BVMT v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i TP. HCM. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, qua \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c QLCT trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (ii) Tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh KTTH trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh KTTH trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m nh\u1eb1m QLCT m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Thay v\u00ec coi ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd, b\u1ecf \u0111i, KTTH h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn xem ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf trong chu tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf. Ri\u00eang trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh kh\u1ed1i th\u1eeba m\u1ed7i n\u0103m bao g\u1ed3m r\u01a1m r\u1ea1, l\u00e1, th\u00e2n c\u00e2y t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00faa; rau, l\u00e1, g\u1ed1c th\u1eeba t\u1eeb rau m\u00e0u; c\u00e0nh t\u1ec9a, l\u00e1 kh\u00f4, v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3; th\u00e2n, v\u1ecf tr\u1ea5u t\u1eeb c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u1eafn ng\u00e0y… l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, \u1ee7 th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu \u00edch. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u1ee7 ph\u00e2n hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m vi sinh nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n \u1ee7. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 t\u1eeb l\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed9n ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m Trichoderma c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhanh. Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1ea9m, c\u1eaft ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u1ee7 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1ng cao t\u1eeb 1 – 1,5 m, \u0111\u1eady k\u00edn b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t. Sau kho\u1ea3ng 2 – 3 th\u00e1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (\u0111\u1ea3o tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3), r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n compost gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho \u0111\u1ea5t. Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c (l\u00e1, c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y \u0103n tr\u00e1i, th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ng\u00f4, \u0111\u1eadu…) v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m vi sinh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (t\u00f9y lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y, chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd sinh kh\u1ed1i th\u1eeba b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ee7 vi sinh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 1,44 – 4,9 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ha\/n\u0103m, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (B\u1ea3ng 1). Chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng do \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u200bB\u1ea3ng 1: \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng \u1ee7 vi sinh tr\u00ean 1 ha\/n\u0103m cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh TP. HCM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c<\/strong><\/td>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh kh\u1ed1i th\u1eeba (t\u1ea5n\/ha\/n\u0103m)<\/strong><\/td>Chi ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1ee7 vi sinh (tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ha\/n\u0103m)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
L\u00faa (r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 sau thu ho\u1ea1ch)<\/td>6 – 8<\/td>3,1 – 4,5<\/td><\/tr>
Rau m\u00e0u (ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m rau c\u1ee7)<\/td>4 – 6<\/td>2,85 – 4,9<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 (l\u00e1, c\u00e0nh t\u1ec9a, v\u1ecf)<\/td>7 – 10<\/td>~1,44<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u1eafn ng\u00e0y (th\u00e2n, v\u1ecf tr\u1ea5u…)<\/td>5 – 7<\/td>2,7 – 3,9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
(Ngu\u1ed3n: Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0o 09\/2024)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(iii) Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p QLCT m\u1edbi, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cung c\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 50% chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u1ee7 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 \u1ee7, x\u00e2y b\u1ec3 \u1ee7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng) tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng. Chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m quy m\u00f4 h\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed khu v\u1ef1c \u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i thay v\u00ec v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf. M\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ebd c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ed1i \u0111a kho\u1ea3ng 2.000.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e2y b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a bao b\u00ec thu\u1ed1c BVTV n\u00eau trong B\u1ea3ng 2 v\u00e0 B\u1ea3ng 3). Nh\u00ecn chung, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap san s\u1ebb g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh XLCT v\u00e0 thu gom ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nguy h\u1ea1i: <\/em>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 cho chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 XLCT, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec3n khai. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kinh ph\u00ed mua ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chi ph\u00ed ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c (B\u1ea3ng 1) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 50% chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 l\u00faa, m\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a kho\u1ea3ng 2,25 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ha\/n\u0103m; rau m\u00e0u l\u00e0 2,45 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ha\/n\u0103m; c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 0,72 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ha\/n\u0103m; c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u1eafn ng\u00e0y 1,95 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ha\/n\u0103m. M\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda chi ph\u00ed mua ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 gia c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, gi\u00fap n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt chi ph\u00ed duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee7 ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kinh ph\u00ed cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c thu gom, XLCT nguy h\u1ea1i trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 bao g\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c BVTV sau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n: (i) H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a bao b\u00ec thu\u1ed1c BVTV t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u1ed7i c\u1ee5m 3 ha c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c 10 ha c\u00e2y l\u00e2u n\u0103m c\u00f3 1 b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a), v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 3,5 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/b\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt; (ii) H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 100% chi ph\u00ed thu\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng thu gom, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ed1 bao b\u00ec thu\u1ed1c BVTV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 2 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/b\u1ec3\/n\u0103m, th\u1eddi gian h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong 3 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi x\u00e2y b\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u200bB\u1ea3ng 2. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t dung t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a bao g\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c BVTV<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/td>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a<\/td>\u0110\u1eb7t b\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp, g\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m pha ch\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00e2n c\u01b0, giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 quan.<\/td><\/tr>
V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/td>B\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch xi m\u0103ng, k\u00e8m n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p\/nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u00edn v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00f3, m\u01b0a.<\/td><\/tr>
H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 dung t\u00edch<\/td>H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ec3: \u1ed0ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 di chuy\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi dung t\u00edch 0,5 – 1 m3<\/sup>; n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady k\u00edn v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ec3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 5 cm \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o.<\/td><\/tr>
Bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/td>B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u201cB\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a bao g\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c BVTV sau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u201d v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nguy hi\u1ec3m theo TCVN 6707:2009.<\/td><\/tr>
C\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/td>Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao g\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c BVTV trung b\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t sinh kho\u1ea3ng 1 – 2 kg\/ha\/n\u0103m. V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 3 ha \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e2y h\u00e0ng n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c 10 ha \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e2y l\u00e2u n\u0103m, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u1ed7i n\u0103m kho\u1ea3ng 10 – 15 kg bao g\u00f3i. Dung t\u00edch 0,5 – 1 m3<\/sup> l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao g\u00f3i n\u00e0y trong th\u1eddi gian 3 – 6 th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n giao x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/td><\/tr>
C\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/td>Dung t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 li\u00ean t\u1ecbch s\u1ed1 05\/2016\/TTLT-BNNPTNT-BTNMT v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a bao g\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c BVTV sau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
(Ngu\u1ed3n: K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1eeb Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 li\u00ean t\u1ecbch s\u1ed1 05\/2016\/TTLT-BNNPTNT-BTNMT)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0B\u1ea3ng 3. C\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t chi ph\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n giao bao g\u00f3i BVTV sau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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(Ngu\u1ed3n: Do nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1i to\u00e1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u1ea1i TP. HCM n\u0103m 2024)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chi ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thu gom n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong 3 n\u0103m, nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu gom v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mang v\u1ecf bao thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9a. Sau th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n\u201d (n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thu gom t\u00ednh ph\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: <\/em>Ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, TP. HCM c\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p vay v\u1ed1n v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n XLCT n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung, c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n vay (t\u1eeb 5 – 7 n\u0103m, c\u00f3 \u00e2n h\u1ea1n) cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay thu h\u1ed3i v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u0103ng do c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Qu\u1ef9 BVMT, Qu\u1ef9 H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng xanh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi DN t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf: <\/em>V\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng XLCT, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 ph\u00e2n (\u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ed1i tr\u1ed9n) v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m trung gian k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1edbi DN thu gom, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 hay DN ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0103n gia s\u00fac, qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i. Vi\u1ec7c thu mua ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 XLCT \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7u ra kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, thu gom ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n: Khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n\u201d \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh r\u0103n \u0111e; m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh KTTH mang l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng; gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh – k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c QLCT n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh TP. HCM, gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong PTBV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i n\u0103m huy\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh TP. HCM hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1eabn mang t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t, thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a tu\u00e2n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra, 83,5% s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m; 70% h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1t bao b\u00ec thu\u1ed1c BVTV tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i ru\u1ed9ng; g\u1ea7n 100% n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 th\u1eb3ng ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng… ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n\u201d; tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh KTTH (\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m, t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sinh kh\u1ed1i); h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh – k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng QLCT. N\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c thi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau PTBV t\u1ea1i TP. HCM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0: Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u00e2u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t; ch\u01b0a bao ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c canh t\u00e1c m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang phi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf thu gom bao b\u00ec thu\u1ed1c BVTV, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t QLCT theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (life cycle approach).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p n\u1ed9i dung QLCT n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n m\u1edbi n\u00e2ng cao; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch khu v\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p tham gia v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf sinh kh\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0L\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u01a1n:\u00a0<\/strong>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi S\u1edf Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 TP. HCM theo H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ed1 14\/2024\/H\u0110-QKHCN v\u1edbi t\u00ean \u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n \u201c\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch XLCT, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea3nh quan, BVMT n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n TP. HCM\u201d. Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 xin ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m \u01a1n Vi\u1ec7n M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0B\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ed1 4\/2025<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft     Hi\u1ec7n nay, s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1eb9p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i (QLCT) n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[123,23,14],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":3188,"url":"https:\/\/mtnongnghiep.com\/index.php\/2025\/11\/15\/nganh-nong-nghiep-trien-khai-ke-hoach-giam-phat-thai-trong-trong-trot-den-nam-2050\/","url_meta":{"origin":3104,"position":0},"title":"Ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trong tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050","date":"November 15, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eeba ban h\u00e0nh K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tri\u1ec3n khai \u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2025-2035, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn 2050. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0y 12\/11, B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ban\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt"","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/mtnongnghiep.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-27.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2487,"url":"https:\/\/mtnongnghiep.com\/index.php\/2024\/10\/13\/dong-thap-nhan-rong-cac-mo-hinh-san-xuat-nong-nghiep-huu-co\/","url_meta":{"origin":3104,"position":1},"title":"\u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu c\u01a1","date":"October 13, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0\u00a0xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. 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